INVENTORY OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE GÜERA AND QUEMA SUBBASINS, OF THE TONOSI LOS SANTOS RIVER, PANAMA
Abstract
Agricultural biodiversity is a key element for food and agriculture worldwide. Agrobiodiversity contributes with the food security of the population that inhabits the watersheds in Azuero. Therefore, the aim was to determine the agricultural biodiversity in the Güera and Quema sub-basins of the Tonosí River, so that this information facilitates the conservation of phytogenetic resources and agro-productive diversification. The study was carried out during the year 2017 in the province of Los Santos, using a database that included the location of sampling points, located in the sub-basins of Güera and Quema that were preliminarily surveyed in 2015 within the Agroclimatic Network project. A stratified sampling was applied to this base, required to estimate the probability (Z) at 95% and the maximum permissible error of 0.01. Three types of crops (strata) were established: fruit and timber trees; natural and improved pastures; agricultural crops. Agricultural biodiversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') and Simpson's dominance index (S). PAST 3.17 software was used. H'=3.6961 and D=0.0324 values were obtained, which indicate greater diversity for the Quema sub-basin, as it is more heterogeneous. When analyzing agricultural biodiversity by crop type (stratum) within the sampling points, the most relevant results were found in the Quema sub-basin, in fruit and timber trees (H'=3.3080 and D= 0.0456). In conclusion, the farms in the Quema sub-basin present richness and abundance values that reflect a more intensive and diversified management, as indicated by the values of the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and Simpson's index (D') and in the fruit and timber tree stratum, biodiversity is higher in the Quema farms, mainly in backyard crops, for self-consumption and occasional sale.
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