POLIMORFISMOS DE NUCLEÓTIDO SIMPLE ASOCIADOS A VARIABLES AMBIENTALES EN EL GENOMA DE BOVINOS CRIOLLOS PANAMEÑOS
Resumen
El cambio climático se define como las variaciones espaciales, tanto a nivel local y global y de carácter temporal de las variables climáticas ambientales en la Tierra. En relación con esta problemática y las especies que sufren estos efectos, existe un fenómeno denominado plasticidad fenotípica, que se define como la propiedad de un genotipo para originar diferentes fenotipos, según las condiciones del medio circundante, ya sean bióticos o abióticos. Aprovechando el análisis de Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple (SNP) en bovinos, actualmente es posible escanear el genoma en busca de regiones involucradas en la adaptación al entorno local. Estas especies domésticas se presentan como modelos biológicos para describir la respuesta a corto plazo de presiones de tipo abiótico, como el clima, durante su migración desde los centros de domesticación y su dispersión hacia nuevos ecosistemas y su diversificación en poblaciones o razas debido a la selección natural, artificial y la deriva genética. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar polimorfismos de nucleótido simple de genes asociados a variables ambientales en bovinos criollos Guaymí y Guabalá. Mediante un arreglo de 10K marcadores de SNP, se calcularon parámetros de diversidad como el porcentaje de loci polimórficos, heterocigosis observada y esperada, número efectivo de alelos (Ne), las desviaciones del equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg por población, frecuencias alélicas, índices de fijación de Wright e índice de diversidad de Shannon. El número de loci polimórficos asociados a variables ambientales sugiere que estas razas todavía retienen capacidad adaptativa mediante mecanismos de plasticidad fenotípica al medio local donde se desenvuelven.
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