UN ANÁLISIS CERCANO DE HAPLOTIPOS UNIPARENTALES EN LAS RAZAS GUAYMÍ Y GUABALÁ DE PANAMÁ
Resumen
El análisis del ADN mitocondrial (mtADN) se ha consolidado como una herramienta central en la investigación en genética molecular, especialmente en estudios de diversidad e historia poblacional en animales. Gracias a su alto polimorfismo y al gran número de copias por célula, permite obtener datos con rapidez, incluso a partir de material antiguo. Por otra parte, el análisis de haplogrupos del cromosoma Y ha aportado nuevas perspectivas sobre la diversidad genética bovina desde el punto de vista paterno. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar haplotipos mitocondriales y del cromosoma Y en las razas criollas Guaymí y Guabalá de Panamá. Se analizó un fragmento de la región hipervariable D-loop del mtADN y siete marcadores del cromosoma Y. Los resultados permitieron describir la presencia de marcadores uniparentales en ambas razas. Se concluye que la ascendencia materna de las razas procede del tronco Ibérico, especialmente del sur de España, y de forma indirecta del tronco africano. La raza Guabalá muestra una firma genética paterna no observada hasta ahora en otras razas.
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